Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. Its inner bark was used by the Alaska Indians to produce coarse bread. Western Hemlock Facts. Western hemlock plantations are often very dark as they cast dense shade, which means very few plants or wildlife species can live beneath them. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Western hemlock is distributed from southeast Alaska to northwest California along the Pacific Coast. The known world champion, at 8.9 feet in diameter and 172 feet tall, grows at the east end of the Enchanted Valley in the Olympic National Park in Washington State. The western hemlock (T. heterophylla), also known as hemlock fir and Prince Albert’s fir, is a timber tree often 60 metres (200 feet) tall, with a trunk 1.8 to 3 metres (6 to 10 feet) in diameter. (TSOO-guh het-er-oh-FILL-uh) Names: The genus name “Tsuga” comes from Japanese words meaning “mother” and “tree.” The species name heterophylla, literally means different leaves. Experience proved otherwise. Its specific epithet (species name) heterophylla refers to its variability in needle length.

It is also found in the Puget Sound lowland, in the cool moist portions of the Cascade and Coast mountains of Oregon and Washington, and in the mountains of British Columbia and northern Idaho. Since modern foresters realized that Western hemlock was more than a "weed tree," it has been put to a variety of uses. Its wood is superior to that of all other…. Portland: Timber Press, 1998. This entry was last updated on March 17, 2018, Photo by K.D. Article was last reviewed on 26th December 2019. Its pulped wood, reduced to alpha-cellulose, makes high quality paper, and is a source of cellulose for cellophane, rayon, and plastic products. Western hemlock grows best in cool, moist conditions where there are large amounts of organic matter in the soil. It was used to fashion small implements; to make articles of clothing, such as skirts made of boughs; to ensure hunting or fishing success by rubbing their bodies with boughs; and to ward off evil spirits. The species is tolerant of shade and can become the dominant species in mixed conifer communities in the absence of fire disturbance. This species is well adapted to grow on humus and decaying wood, and is also found on mineral soil (Pojar & MacKinnon 1994). Arno, S.F. Other Names: Western Hemlock-Spruce, Pacific Hemlock, Coast Hemlock, West Coast Hemlock: Size: Height: 50 to 70 m (165 to 230 ft); occasionally grows up to 83.34 m (273.42 ft).

Western hemlock grows Most succumb at an earlier age to root or stem rot fungi, wind throw (blowdown), and insect damage. All rights reserved. There are nine speciesfour in North America, the remainder in Southeast Asia. Lowland trees that are three hundred years old are rare, although much older trees are known to exist in higher elevations. Portland: Timber Press, 2008.

When compared to Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Western Hemlock generally has narrower growth rings, though both species can have tightly spaced growth rings.

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