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Women were also admitted to private asylums on slender evidence, notably those who contravened expectations concerning their modesty, conduct, duties or behaviour or those who would not bend to their husbands’ will, even when husbands were themselves making extraordinary demands that could be deemed crazy.

Image credit: Image of an abdominal ovariotomy from Pathology and treatment of diseases of women, 1912, by August Eduard Martin and Philipp Jacob (Internet Archive via Flickr’s The Commons).
By James John Hill c.1830-70. Sims himself even pushed Battey to refer to the procedure as ‘Battey’s operation’ instead. Victorian Studies is an e-journal, ** Jonathan Andrews and Anne Digby (eds), Sex and Seclusion, Class and Custody: Perspectives on Gender and Class in the History of British and Irish Psychiatry (Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, 2004). In 2018, following years of protests and petitions to city officials, a statue of John Marion Sims was removed from Central Park in New York City.

The use of the procedure in U.S asylums and hospitals was particularly disturbing. Vieda Skultans, Madness and Morals: Ideas on Insanity in the Nineteenth Century (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975), ch. The apparent association between female biology and reproduction and mental disorder has been a particularly rich area of analysis, as has interest in hysteria which emerged as something of a professional obsession in the 19th century. Members of _ can log in with their society credentials below. New login is not successful because the max limit of logins for this user account has been reached. Laing, R.D. Some society journals require you to create a personal profile, then activate your society account, You are adding the following journals to your email alerts, Did you struggle to get access to this article? 1967.

If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. Regina Morantz-Sanchez, Conduct Unbecoming of a Woman: Medicine on Trial in Turn-of-the-Century Brooklyn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999). Please let us know if you agree to functional, advertising and performance cookies.

Laing, R.D.

By mid-century these conditions accounted for 10 per cent of female admissions in many asylums. Within a few years of this publication, the procedure was performed by an increasing number of other surgeons as a treatment for general nervous symptoms, such as hysteria.

This perception of femininity led to the popular conclusion that women were more susceptible to disease and illness, and was a basis for the diagnosis of insanity in many female patients during the 19th century. She remained distressed about her separation from her son, talking about him and her desire to return home, and on New Year’s Eve in 1867 refused to go to bed ‘under the impression that her carriage was coming to take her home to her “child”. Sally Frampton, Belly-Rippers, Surgical Innovation and the Ovariotomy Controversy (Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018).

The lack of consent and evidence of efficacy of these “treatments” among surgeons was not coincidental but indicative of the mass, eugenic attitude held towards institutionalized, enslaved, or “disobedient” women in this period.

Menstrual Madness and Ovary Removal in the 19th Century 2020, Features CW: This piece contains discussions of surgical removal of reproductive organs, breaches of medical consent, and experimentation on enslaved women and women in asylums. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. The e-mail addresses that you supply to use this service will not be used for any other purpose without your consent. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Click to create a comment or rate a document, "Depictions of Female Madness in Contemporary Literature", Middle Eastern Female Contemporary Artists, A Short History of Japanese Film Industry, Contemporary Managerial Issues in Accounts and Finance, Characteristic of Murder Scenes in Literature, Contemporary American Catholic Homiletic Theory and Practice, Myths and Stereotypes on Womens Madness in Feminist Literature, Contemporary Issues in World of Politics Climate Change Policy, Cultural Relativism: Female Circumcision and Infanticide, The Depictions of Growing Up from Alcott's Little Women and Stevenson's Treasure Island, Contrast of Two Explanations of Social Disorder in Contemporary UK Society, 10 Answers about African American Literature, Depictions of Female Madness in Contemporary Literature. And Battey, the pioneer of the procedure that killed thousands of women, co-founded the American Gynecological Society in 1876. Elaine Showalter, The Female Malady: Women, Madness and English Culture, 1830-1980 (London: Virago, 1987). 0

The male physicians who trialled these unnecessary surgical interventions gave little thought to women as human beings, treating women as nothing more than objects to be sliced and experimented upon in their path to alleged gynecological “progress” in medicine. h�bbd``b`v+����H�\2�@�q��>$��0012)a`����0�@� k� Second, it is based on an analysis of cultural representations of female insanity.

The Rules of Sociological Method.

The condition ‘puerperal insanity’ was labelled and defined in 1820 and thereafter male obstetric practitioners and psychiatrists took great interest in mental disorders linked to pregnancy and childbirth. You can update your cookie preferences at any time.

Multiple copies in library.

A Social History of Madness: Stories of the Insane. During the 18th and 19th century, male physicians increasingly took over gynecological and obstetric roles previously occupied by female midwives and healers.

Her story starkly reveals to us the heartbreak of many women separated from home and family in such institutions. Managing Madness: Changing Ideas and Practice. MacDonald, M. 1981. In 1872, Robert Battey, a distinguished Confederate surgeon, performed the first normal ovariotomy on a 30-year-old woman, diagnosed with endometriosis and amenorrhea seven years earlier.

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Another such procedure, the normal ovariotomy, exemplified a crucial moment in the masculinization of gynecology, where men sought to have control over cis women’s bodies. This claim appears to have become part of feminist orthodoxy, yet has little empirical support. Let us write or edit the book report/review on your topic. Rather less has been produced on masculinity and mental breakdown though this is changing. Ehrenreich, B. and English, D. 1979. Witches, Midwives and Nurses: A History of Women Healers. : The Social Profile of... Burrows, A. and Schumacher, I. View or download all the content the society has access to. In the State Hospital for the Insane in Norristown, Pa., the procedure was performed frequently without patient consent until 1893 when the Committee on Lunacy of the Pennsylvania State Board for Public Charities condemned it as “illegal…experimental [in] character…brutal and inhuman, and not excusable on any reasonable ground.”. Portrait of Mad Margery, a young woman driven mad and living in the fields, possibly taken from a popular song ‘Poor Mad Margery’ c.1790-1800.

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‘A Considerable Degree Removed from Pauperism’?


Numerous historians have engaged themselves with the question of whether psychiatry, particularly 19th-century psychiatry, discriminated against women, or at least singled women out as especially vulnerable to being categorised as mentally ill and confined in asylums. We will focus on Theriot’s article 'Women's Voices', Digby 'Women's Biological Straitjacket', and the essays in Andrews and Digby, and for vulnerable men, Suzuki’s article and for gender in the late Victorian asylum, Hide's book. It has been estimated that as many as 105,000 women worldwide underwent the procedure in the 19th century, with a mortality rate of 10-25 percent.

The lack of medical justification for the procedure was rooted in gendered constructions of “women’s illnesses” as signs of “female fragility” and biological weakness. https://studentshare.org/literature/1550100-an-inquiry-into-depictions-of-female-madness-in-contemporary-literaturefilm. 6 ‘Mad Women’. Please let us know if you agree to functional, advertising and performance cookies. German physician Alfred Hegar and British physicians E. H Trenholme and J. H. Aveling described the procedure as akin to “castration,” “unsexing,” or “spaying.”. 118-28. e-book, ** Louise Hide, Gender and Class in English Asylums, 1890-1914 (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014).


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